Which theory focuses on the spatial and temporal patterns surrounding crime?

The correct answer is the theory that specifically emphasizes the spatial and temporal patterns surrounding crime. This theory examines how the geographical location and timing of criminal activities can influence crime rates. It recognizes that certain areas may experience higher crime rates due to factors such as social interactions, environmental design, and patterns of human behavior.

Crime patterns are also studied to understand how criminal behavior tends to vary from one location to another, and how different times of day can impact the occurrence of crime. By analyzing these patterns, law enforcement and policymakers can develop more targeted and effective crime prevention strategies.

This approach is distinct from the other theories mentioned, which may focus on individual decision-making (Rational Choice), everyday activities leading to opportunities for crime (Routine Activities Theory), or general strategies for minimizing crime (Crime Prevention), but do not specifically address the importance of spatial and temporal factors in crime occurrences.